從屬連接詞 (Subordinating Conjunctions): 常見從屬連接詞與用法

從屬連接詞是重要的語法成分，用來連接子句並表達時間、原因或條件等關係。像 as、when、because、if、that、whether 等詞彙出現頻率極高，但也容易引起混淆。本文將搭配 ELSA Speak，以最淺顯易懂的方式彙整從屬連接詞用法。

Key Takeaways

從屬連接詞 (subordinating conjunctions) 是用來將一個從屬子句 (dependent clause) 與主句 (main clause) 連接起來的詞或片語，常見於複合句中。

功能與用法連接子句: 通常位於從屬子句的開頭，使該子句依附於主句。補充語意: 建立兩個子句之間的邏輯關係（如時間、原因、條件等）。

常見的從屬連接詞類型：
– 時間: After, before, when, while, since, until, as soon as （在……之後、在……之前、當……時、同時、自從……以來、直到……、一……就……）。
– 原因／理由: Because, since, as (因為、由於)。
– 條件: If, unless, provided (that), as long as (如果、除非、只要)。
– 讓步: Although, though, even though (雖然)。
– 地點: Where, wherever (在……的地方、無論在哪裡)。
– 目的: So that, in order that (為了)。

句中位置: 從屬子句可以位於主句之前或之後，但從屬連接詞一定與從屬子句一起出現。

從屬連接詞 (Subordinating Conjunctions) 是什麼?

從屬連接詞 (Subordinating Conjunctions) 是用來連接從屬子句與主句的詞語，使句子中形成含有從屬連接詞子句。這是複合句中的重要組成部分，因為從屬子句不能單獨存在，必須依附於主句才能表達完整的意思。

這類連接詞常用於從屬連接詞副詞子句中，用來表達兩個動作之間的時間、條件、原因、目的、比較、對立等關係。此外，在將子句加以省略或簡化，使句子更加精煉時，也經常出現在從屬連接詞分詞構句，使語句自然流暢，同時保持語意清楚。

由於有了從屬連接詞，文章表達更為連貫，語義關係也更加精確。

例句:

I will call you when I get home. (我回到家時會打電話給你。)
I will go to the beach if the weather is nice. (如果天氣好，我會去海邊。)

從屬連接詞整理

從屬連接詞英文常見可分為 8 種主要類型，包括:

表示時間的從屬連接詞: when, while, until, before, after, now that, once, as soon as
表示地點的從屬連接詞: where, wherever
表示目的的從屬連接詞: so that, in order that, for the purpose of
表示比較的從屬連接詞: than, rather than, whether
表示條件的從屬連接詞: if, even if, only if, unless, provided that, in case, assuming that
表示對立的從屬連接詞: though, even though, although
表示原因的從屬連接詞: because, as, since
表示狀態的從屬連接詞: how, as if, as though

從屬連接詞用法

表示時間的從屬連接詞

表示時間的從屬連接詞用來連接兩個子句，以表達時間關係，常見的連接詞包括 when、while、until、before、after、now that、once、as soon as。它們能幫助讀者或聽者判斷動作發生的時間點。

連接詞	意義	例句
when	當……時	I always read a book when I’m on the train. (我在搭火車時總是看書。)
while	在……期間	She listened to music while she was cooking dinner. (她一邊做晚餐，一邊聽音樂。)
until	直到……為止	I’ll wait here until you finish your meeting. (我會在這裡等，直到你開完會。)
before	在……之前	Please check your work before you submit it. (在交作業之前，請檢查你的工作。)
after	在……之後	We went for a walk in the park after the rain stopped. (雨停之後，我們在公園裡散步。)
now that	既然／現在……	Now that she has a job, she can afford to travel. (既然她現在有工作了，她就有能力去旅行。)
once	一旦……	Once you press the button, the machine will start. (你一按下按鈕，機器就會啟動。)
as soon as	一……就……	I’ll call you as soon as I arrive at the airport. (我一到機場就會打電話給你。)

表示地點的從屬連接詞

表示地點的從屬連接詞用來連接兩個子句，描述動作發生的地點或空間。藉由這類連接詞，句子能清楚表達事情發生的場所或相關的空間範圍。

常見連接詞如下: where, wherever.

連接詞	意義	例句
where	……的地方	This is the restaurant where we had our first date. (這是我們第一次約會的那家餐廳。)
wherever	無論在哪裡	You can sit wherever you like in the theater. (在電影院裡，你可以坐在任何你想坐的地方。)

表示比較的從屬連接詞

表示比較的從屬連接詞用來連接兩個子句或兩種選擇，以表達較高、較低，或取代的關係。這類連接詞用來說明說話者正在比較兩個對象，或偏好其中一個選項勝於另一個。

常見連接詞如下: than, rather than.

連接詞	意義	例句
than	比……更	He is taller than his sister. (他比他的妹妹高。)
rather than	而不是	He decided to buy a used car rather than a new one. (他為了省錢，決定買二手車而不是新車。)

表示條件的從屬連接詞

表示條件的從屬連接詞用來連接兩個子句，說明某個動作發生所需的條件或必要情境。這類連接詞常出現在從屬連接詞子句中，使句子表達更自然、語意更清楚。

常見連接詞如下: if, only if, even if, unless, provided that, in case, assuming that.

連接詞	意義	意義
if	如果	I will go to the park if the weather is nice. (如果天氣好，我會去公園。)
only if	只有在……時	You can enter the contest only if you are over 18 years old. (只有你滿 18 歲，才能參加比賽。)
even if	即使	I will help you with your homework even if it takes all night. (即使要花一整晚，我也會幫你做作業。)
unless	除非／否則	You won’t get a discount unless you show your membership card. (除非你出示會員卡，否則無法享有折扣。)
provided that	只要	You can use my computer provided that you don’t download unauthorized software. (只要不下載非法軟體，你就可以使用電腦。)
in case	萬一	I brought an extra umbrella in case it rains. (我隨身帶著雨傘，以防下雨。)
assuming that	假如／假設	I will attend the meeting assuming that it doesn’t conflict with my schedule. (如果時間不衝突，我會參加會議。)

>>相關内容：If 用法，概念，結構與練習：一、二、三，混合

表示對立的從屬連接詞

表示對立的從屬連接詞用來連接意義相反的兩個子句，表達對比關係，相當於雖然、即使、儘管等意思。

常見連接詞如下: though, even though, although.

連接詞	意義	例句
though	雖然	He always makes time for his family though he’s very busy. (雖然他非常忙碌，仍然總是抽時間陪伴家人。)
even though	即使	Even though it was late, Jane continued working on her project. (即使已經很晚了，Jane 仍然繼續進行專案。)
although	雖然	She went to the party although she didn’t know many people there. (她去參加派對，儘管在那裡認識的人不多。)

>>相關用法：although 用法：詳細解釋、例句與應用練習

表示原因的從屬連接詞

表示原因的從屬連接詞用來說明某個行為或事件發生的原因，幫助讀者理解事情為什麼會發生。

常見連接詞如下: because, since, as.

連接詞	意義	例句
because	因為	Jane stayed home because she wasn’t feeling well. (Jane 待在家裡，因為她覺得身體不太舒服。)
since	因為	I’ve been studying all day since I have an exam tomorrow. (我整天都在讀書，因為明天有考試。)
as	因為	He can’t come to the party as he has to work late. (他無法參加派對，因為他必須加班。)

表示狀態的從屬連接詞

表示狀態的從屬連接詞用來描述動作發生時的狀態、感受或方式，使句子在表達像是、看起來好像、以某種方式發生時更加自然流暢。

常見連接詞如下: how, as if, as though.

連接詞	意義	例句
how	如何	She talks to her plants how they can understand her. (她和樹說話，彷彿它們能聽懂她的話。)
as if	彷彿	She looks as if she hasn’t slept in days. (她看起來好像已經好幾天沒睡覺了。)
as though	好像	He acted as though he had never met her before. (他的行為就好像以前從未見過她一樣。)

使用從屬連接詞時的注意事項

逗號使用規則

規則一: 當從屬連接詞位於主句之後時，不需使用逗號。

錯誤例句: She will receive an award, if she makes a medical breakthrough.
正確例句: She will receive an award if she makes a medical breakthrough.

規則二: 當從屬連接詞置於句首時，必須在從屬子句後加上逗號。

錯誤例句: If she finishes her research successfully she will receive a bonus.
正確例句: If she finishes her research successfully, she will receive a bonus.

選擇正確的從屬連接詞

選錯連接詞會使句子語意不通或表達錯誤。

錯誤例句: I will go to the store unless I have time.

(錯誤原因：”unless” 表示 “除非”，語意不適合。)

正確例句:

I won’t go to the store unless I have time.
(或) I will go to the store if I have time.

避免在同一句中使用兩個連接詞

不要將 “because…so” 或 “although…but” 這是從中文直譯過來的常見錯誤。

錯誤: Because I was sick, so I didn’t go to the party.
正確: Because I was sick, I didn’t go to the party.
錯誤: Although it rained hard, but I still went to school.
正確: Although it rained hard, I still went to school.

確保句子包含主句與從屬子句

從屬子句必須包含:連接詞 + 主語 + 動詞，不能單獨成句。

錯誤: Because I hate you.
正確: I don’t want to see you because I hate you.
(或) Because I hate you, I don’t want to see you.

從屬連接詞時態使用正確

錯誤: I went to the store if I have time. (兩個子句的時態不一致。)
正確: I will go to the store if I have time.

快速說明: If + 現在簡單式 → 主句使用未來簡單式

>>相關内容：

從屬連接詞與關係代名詞的區別

	從屬連接詞 (Subordinating Conjunctions)	關係代名詞 (Relative Pronouns)
功能	連接從屬子句與主句，表達時間、條件、原因、對立、目的等關係	將關係子句與前面的名詞連接起來，用於描述或限定該名詞
形成的子句	副詞子句 (Adverbial clause)	關係子句 (Relative clause)
常見詞彙	because, although, if, when, while, before, after, unless, since, as…	who, whom, whose, which, that
從屬句中的角色	不擔任主語或受詞，只起連接作用	可在關係子句中擔任主語或受詞
是否可以省略?	可以（副詞子句可簡化為 V-ing 或過去分詞）	可以（關係子句可簡化為 V-ing 或 V-ed）
例句	I stayed home because it rained.	The girl who is standing there is my sister.

從屬連接詞練習（附答案）

練習

練習 1: 從以下四個選項中選出正確答案

1. You should always check your oil, water and tyres _____ taking your car on a long trip.

A. when

B. where

C. before

D. unless

2. I didn’t tell her that he was late _____ I didn’t want to cause her any alarm.

A. until

B. after

C. before

D. because

3. Students are not allowed to handle these chemicals _____ they are under the supervision of a teacher.

A. unless

B. than

C. though

D. while

4. I am studying hard _____ I can pass the exam.

A. when

B. only if

C. how

D. so that

5. The fast train to London takes less _____ an hour.

A. than

B. even though

C. unless

D. as if

6. We do not know exactly _____ life first began.

A. how

B. if

C. because

D. though

7. He blurted everything out about the baby, _____ we’d agreed to keep it a secret for a while.

A. though

B. even if

C. as

D. since

8. I’ve been meaning to ask you _____ you get your hair cut.

A. when

B. where

C. until

D. so that

9. You can borrow my car _____ you promise to drive carefully.

A. although

B. in order that

C. as soon as

D. unless

10. He left the party _____ the cake was served.

A. where

B. as

C. since

D. before

練習 2: 填入適當的詞語於空格中

She lived in Rome for a couple of years, _____ she taught English.
You make wine by leaving grape juice to ferment _____ all the sugar has turned to alcohol.
It was farther to the shops _____ I expected.
I have the greatest respect for his ideas, _____ I don’t agree with them.
We can’t go to Julia’s party _____ we’re going away that weekend.
They arrived early _____ they could secure good seats at the concert.
I’ll pay you double _____ you get the work finished by Friday.
I don’t care about fashion, I dress _____ I please.