過去分詞 (Past Participle): 總結表、用法、與過去式的區分

與 ELSA Speak 學習過去分詞英文：定義、用法、常用過去分詞表、簡單易懂的例句。此外，你就學會過去分詞過去式的差別，以便在日常寫作和口語中正確運用。

過去分詞是什麼？

在過去式 過去分詞 (Past Participle)動詞的形式加上後綴“-ed” （用於規則動詞）和其他變化（用於不規則動詞）。

一些過去分詞例句例子:

• I finished my homework last night. (我昨晚完成了作業。)
• No one believed that I graduated from NTPU with a good degree. (沒有人相信我以優異的成績從NTPU畢業。)

如何構成過去分詞?

在常規動詞中加上“-ed”

 對於規則動詞，過去分詞是在動詞末尾加上後綴“ed”形成的。

例子:

• Work → Worked
• Wish → Wished

在添加後綴“-ed”時，需要注意以下幾種情況：

過去分詞變化規則	範例
以 2 個韻母 + 1 個聲母或 2 個聲母結尾的動詞 → 加 –ed	need (需要) → needed seem (好像) → seemed kick (踢) → kicked call (打) → called
以 -e 或 -ee 結尾的動詞 → 只要加 -d	wave (揮) → waved agree (同意 → agreed smile (笑) → smiled
以聲母 + y 結尾的動詞 → 在加上 –ed 之前將 y 變成 i	try (努力) → tried dry (弄乾) → dried study (學習) → studied
以韻母+聲母結尾的單音節動詞 → 在加-ed之前雙寫聲母（以-w、-x、-y結尾的動詞無需雙寫）	stop (停) → stopped fit (合適) → fitted flex (秀）→ flexed play (玩) → played
以韻母 + 聲母結尾的多音節動詞，重音在最後一個音節 → 雙寫聲母然後加上 –ed	prefer (更喜歡) → preferred regret (後悔) → regretted commit (承諾） → committed
以韻母 + -L 結尾的多音節動詞 → 在加 -ed 之前雙寫 -L（美式英語中，如果重音不在最後一個音節上，則不雙寫 -L）	travel (旅行) → travelled control (控制) → controlled
以 -c 結尾的動詞 → 在加 -ed 之前加上 k	traffic (交通) → trafficked mimic (模仿) → mimicked picnic (去野餐) → picnicked

不規則動詞過去分詞表

不規則動詞在變成過去分詞時沒有任何規則。因此，掌握這些不規則動詞的唯一方法就是記憶和經常練習。

以下是常見不規則過去分詞表，供你參考：

原體 (V1)	過去 (V2)	過去分詞 (V3)	意思
be	was/were	been	是，在
become	became	become	變得
begin	began	begun	開始
break	broke	broken	弄破
bring	brought	brought	帶來
build	built	built	建築
buy	bought	bought	買
catch	caught	caught	抓
choose	chose	chosen	選
come	came	come	到
do	did	done	做
drink	drank	drunk	喝
drive	drove	driven	開車
eat	ate	eaten	吃
fall	fell	fallen	摔倒
feel	felt	felt	覺得
find	found	found	找到
fly	flew	flown	飛
forget	forgot	forgotten	忘
get	got	gotten/got	得到
give	gave	given	給
go	went	gone	去
have	had	had	有
hear	heard	heard	聼
keep	kept	kept	保持
know	knew	known	知道
leave	left	left	離開
lose	lost	lost	失去
make	made	made	做/製作
meet	met	met	見
pay	paid	paid	付錢
read	read /red/	read /red/	讀
run	ran	run	跑
say	said	said	說
see	saw	seen	看見/看
sell	sold	sold	賣
send	sent	sent	寄
sing	sang	sung	唱
sit	sat	sat	坐
sleep	slept	slept	睡覺
speak	spoke	spoken	説話
stand	stood	stood	站
swim	swam	swum	游泳
take	took	taken	拿
teach	taught	taught	教
tell	told	told	告訴
think	thought	thought	想
understand	understood	understood	懂
wear	wore	worn	穿
win	won	won	贏
write	wrote	written	寫

>>參考此文了解更多：動詞三態是什麽? 動詞三態的區別和最準確的用法。

過去分詞用法

完成式的過去分詞

過去分詞通常用於完成式。具體是現在完成式、過去完成式和未來完成式。

現在完成式結構：

(+) S + have/has + V3/-ed (Past Participle) (-)  S + have/has + not + V3/-ed (?)  Have/Has + S + V3/-ed + …?

例子:

• My English has improved a lot thanks to using ELSA Speak. (通過使用 ELSA Speak，我的英語水平提高了很多。)
• She has not finished her homework. (她還沒有完成作業。)
• Have you been to Paris? (你去過巴黎嗎？)

>>相關内容：現在完成式 (Present Perfect): 公式、用法和應用練習

過去完成式結構：

(+) S + had + V3/-ed (-) S + had + not + V3/-ed (?) Had + S + V3/-ed + …?

例子:

• I had finished my homework before I went to bed last night. (昨晚睡覺前我已經完成作業了。)
• My sister hadn’t washed the dishes when my mother came home. (當我媽媽回家時，我姐姐還沒有洗碗。)
• Had you finished your work before the meeting started? (會議開始前你的工作做完了嗎？)

>>相關内容：過去完成式 (Past Perfect): 理論與練習

未來完成式結構：

(+) S + will/won’t + have + V3/-ed (-) S + will/won’t + not + have + V3/-ed (?) Will + S + have + V3/-ed + …?

例子

• She will have finished this book before 10 o’clock this evening. (她在今天晚上10點前將完成這本書。) 
• She won’t have finished the project by tomorrow. (到明天她還無法完成這個計畫。)
• Will they have left by the time we get there? (當我們到達那裡時他們已經離開了嗎?)

>>了解更多英文時態：12 種英文時態：結構、識別標誌、用法、記憶技巧與應用練習

過去分詞形容詞的用法

過去分詞在句子中也用作形容詞。過去分詞形容詞描述一個人因某件事或事件而產生的感受或情緒。

例子:

• My brother is interested in that book. (我弟弟對那本書很有興趣。)
• My mother is tired of her work. (我媽媽對工作感到厭倦。)

用於被動句

被動句是一種主詞為受某一個對象影響的人或事物的結構。

結構: 

S + (輔動詞) + to be + (not) + V3/-ed + (by O)

例子:

• The book was written by my brother last week. (這本書是我哥哥上週寫的。)
• The food has been cooked by professional chefs. (食物均由專業廚師烹調。)

>>相關内容：被動語態是什麽？探索公式、結構和註釋以及應用練習，以避免混淆

用於簡化的被動關係子句

除了上述用法外，當子句為被動形式時，過去分詞也用於減化關係子句中。

結構：

…Noun/Noun phrase +關係代詞+ be + V3/-ed… ⇒ …Noun/Noun phrase + V3/-ed…

例子:

• The car that was parked in front of the house is mine. (停在家門前的那輛車是我的。)

→ The car parked in front of the house is mine.

• The shirt which was sold last week is Jane’s favorite. (上週賣掉的襯衫是簡最喜歡的。)

→ The T-shirt sold yesterday is Linh’s favorite.

用於第 3 類條件句

過去分詞可用於第三類條件句，用於陳述過去不可能發生的事件或現象，通常包含不切實際的假設。

結構：

If + S + had + V3/-ed, S  + would/could/might + have + V3/-ed ..

例子:

• If I had known it was going to rain, I would have taken an umbrella. (如果我知道會下雨，我就會帶一把傘。)
• If they had studied harder, they would have passed the exam. (如果他們更努力學習，他們就會通過考試。)

>>相關内容：If 用法，概念，結構與練習： 一、二、三，混合

帶有能願動詞+ “have” (perfect modals)

過去分詞後接能願動詞+”have” (perfect modals) 用於表達過去可能發生，但因某種原因而沒有發生的動作或事件。

結構：

S + 能願動詞 + “have” + V3/-ed

例子:

• She could have finished the project earlier. (她本來就可以早點完成這個專案。)
• We should have called you before coming. (我們來之前就應該打電話給你。)

區分過去分詞與英語中的其他語法結構

過去式過去分詞差別

	一般過去式	過去分詞 (Past Participle)
形式	– 規則動詞：加-ed – 不規則：形式 2 (V2)	– 規則動詞：加-ed – 不規則：形式 3 (V3)
例子	walked, ate, went, did	walked, eaten, gone, done
用法	描述過去發生的動作	– 用於完成式 – 是形容詞 – 用於被動句
句子中的位置	在過去式的主詞之後：He went home.	– have/has/had 之後: He has gone home. – be 之後（被動）: It was broken.
用的是哪一種時態？	一般過去式	– 完成式 – 被動式 – 簡化被動結構，形容詞
特別說明	不與have/has/had使用	不單獨表達過去的行為

現在分詞和過去分詞的區別

	現在分詞 (V-ing)	過去分詞 (V3/ed)
形式	動詞 + -ing	動詞形式 V3 或加 -ed（用於規則動詞）
性質	描述正在進行且主動的動作。	表達已完成或被動的動作
主要用法	– 用作主詞、賓語、補語 – 用於簡化子句（主動語態）	– 用於被動句，完成式 – 用作形容詞– 被動式簡化子句
例子	– Reading books is my hobby. – The boy singing is my friend. – I saw him running.	– The book written by her was amazing. – He has finished his homework. – The gift sent yesterday is from my aunt.

過去分詞練習

練習

練習 1: 選出正確答案

1. She likes the film so much. It’s really (amazed/amazing).
2. It’s really (terrifying/terrified) experience. We will never forget it.
3. My brother reads a (fascinated/fascinating) book. It made him (surprised/surprising) at the immigrants.
4. People easily (embarrassed/embarrassing) when we can’t express ourself well in USA.
5. During the first few years, many immigrants feel (hindering/hindered) by their slow economic advancement.
6. My sister felt (disappointed/disappointing) very when her visa to England was denied.
7. We used to go (fishing/fished) together when we were 16 years old.
8. Many baseball players from the US (excited/excited) when they are selected to play for their National team.
9. (Got/Getting) stuck in traffic, I knew I would be fined for being late for work.
10. (Made/Making) in China, the car was sold at a low price.

練習 2: 用現在分詞或過去分詞重寫句子

1. A beautiful girl was sitting next to me on the train. I don’t talk to her much

→ I didn’t talk much to the …………………………………………………..

2. A taxi was taking my family to the airport. It was badly damaged.

→ The …………………………………………………..

3. There is a shop at the end of this street. That shop sells very good Korean food.

→ At the end of the street there’s a …………………………………………………..

4. A factory has just opened in the town. It employs 250 people.

→  A………………………………………………….. has just opened in the town.

5. The company sent me a brochure. It contained important confidential information..

→ The company sent me …………………………………………………..

答案

答案 1:

句子	1	2	3	4	5
答案	amazing	terrifying	fascinating	embarrassed	hindered
句子	6	7	8	9	10
答案	disappointed	fishing	excited	getting	made

答案 2:

1. I didn’t talk much to the beautiful girl sitting next to me on the train.
2. The taxi taking my family to the airport was badly damaged.
3. At the end of the street there’s a good Korean food
4. A factory employing 250 people has just opened in the town.
5. The company sent me a brochure containing important confidential information.

常見問題

過去分詞是動詞嗎？

→ 過去分詞是動詞的一種形式，而不是單獨的動詞。

have 過去分詞是什麼？

→ “have” 的過去分詞是 had.

過去分詞是 V2 還是 V3？

→過去分詞是 V3。

希望通過本文，你能更理解過去分詞，了解如何正確使用過去分詞的語法，以及如何將其與一般過去式區分開來。繼續通過例句和不規則動詞表練習，以加深記憶。掌握這些知識將為你在各種情況下更自信、更準確地使用英語奠定堅實的基礎。別忘了關注 ELSA Speak，以獲得更多關於英語文法的新知識！