Have been 用法：完整公式、例句與用法區別

Have been 是完成時與被動語態中的一個重要語法結構。ELSA Speak 將幫助你清楚理解 have been 的用法、have been 的含義，以及 和 have been 搭配的助動詞。你也將能夠輕鬆區分 have pp 和 have been pp 的不同。

Have been 結構是什麼?

Have been意思: “Have been” 是屬於現在完成式、現在完成進行式及被動語態的結構。它依照語境可以有多種含義：表達已經發生並持續到現在的狀態, 持續到現在的動作, 或已經被完成的動句中. 根據主詞不同，動詞的變化也會不同, Have been 通常與複數主詞搭配: I, we, you, they,… 因此，在句中需要注意has been have been用法的差別。

例句:

句型	例句	翻譯
肯定	I have been a teacher for 5 years.	我已經當了五年的老師。
否定	I have not been a teacher for long.	我當老師的時間不長。
疑問	Have you been a teacher for long?	你當老師很久了嗎？

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Have been 在主動語態中的用法

Have been 現在式的用法

用法	現在完成式	現在完成進行式
公式	S + have/has + been + O (danh từ/tính từ/trạng từ)	S + have/has + been + V-ing
用法	主詞為複數時使用 have been (I, we, you, they…)	主詞為單數時使用 has been (he, she, it…)
含義	表示某個狀態或角色從過去開始並持續到現在。	表示某個動作從過去開始，目前仍在進行，甚至可能延續到未來。
例句	– I have been a teacher for 5 years. (我已經當老師五年了。) – She has been a member of this club since 2018. (她從 2018 年就是這個俱樂部的成員。)	– I have been waiting for my boyfriend for an hour, but he’s still in a meeting. (我已經等男朋友一個小時了，他還在開會。) – She has been waiting for a week for her boss to approve her leave request. (她這整週都在等老闆批准她的請假申請。)

Have been 未來式的用法

用法	未來完成式	未來完成進行式
公式	S + will have been + O (名詞／形容詞)	S + will have been + V-ing
用法	所有主詞一律搭配	will have been (I, he, she, it, we, you, they…)
含義	表示在未來某一時間點，某人會達到的狀態或角色。	表示一個動作從過去開始，並將持續到未來某個時間點。
例句	– By next year, I will have been a doctor for 10 years. (到明年，我將成為醫生滿十年。) – They will have been married for 30 years by the time their children graduate. (等孩子們畢業時，他們已經結婚三十年了。)	– By December, I will have been working here for 5 years. (到十二月，我就在這裡工作五年了。) – She will have been studying English for 8 years by the time she takes the exam. (等她考試時，她已經學了八年英文了。)

Have been 過去式的用法

這裡的 “Have been” 指的是過去時的 “Had been”, 使用 Had been 時 我們不需要根據主詞的單複數來變化動詞. 一起透過 ELSA Speak 來了解 had been have been用法上的區別吧！

用法	過去完成式	過去完成進行式
公式	S + had been + O (名詞／形容詞)	S + had been + V-ing
用法	所有主詞一律搭配	had been (I, he, she, it, we, you, they…)
含義	表示某個狀態或角色在過去某個時間點或另一動作之前已經開始並結束。	表示某個動作從過去某時開始，持續直到另一個過去時間點或動作發生；強調過程和持續性。
例句	– I had been a teacher before I moved to Hanoi. (在搬到河內之前，我曾是一名老師。) – She had been a club member for 3 years before she left. (她在離開之前，曾是這個俱樂部的成員三年了。)	– I had been working for the company for 5 years before I resigned. (我在辭職前，已在那家公司工作了五年。) – They had been studying English for months before the test. (他們在考試前學了好幾個月的英文。)

Have been 被動語態中的用法

“Have been” 現在式被動語態

用法	現在完成式（被動語態）	現在完成進行式（被動語態）
公式	S + have/has been + V3 (past participle)	S + have/has been being + V3
用法	複數主詞使用 have (I, we, you, they…)單數主詞使用 has (he, she, it…)	同樣: have/has 依主詞而定
含義	強調某個動作的結果已由他人完成，不需要關注執行者是誰。	強調從過去延續到現在的受動過程。但因句型較長和複雜，日常會話使用較少。
例句	– These books have been penned by a well-known German author. (這些書是由一位著名的德國作家寫的。) – This essay has been researched by me for 2 years. (這篇論文是我研究了兩年所完成的。)	– My company has been being renovated for the past year. (我們公司在過去一年裡已經被翻修過了。) – Many northern routes have been being repaired due to landslides. (因為山崩，北方的許多道路已經被修復了。)

“Have been” 未來式被動語態

用法	未來完成式（被動語態）	未來完成進行式（被動語態）
公式	S + will have been + V3 (past participle)	S + will have been being + V3 （罕用）
用法	所有主詞一律搭配 will have been  (I, you, he, she, it, we, they…)	同理: 所有主詞一律搭配 will have been being (語法上)
含義	表示某個動作將由某個執行者在未來某個時間點完成。	– 強調受動過程將持續至未來某個時間點。 – 使用非常罕見，通常僅見於學術性書面語。
例句	– The new bridge will have been completed by 2026. (這座新橋將於 2026 年前完工。) – All orders will have been processed before the sale ends. (T所有訂單將於折扣活動結束前處理完成。)	The machines will have been being maintained regularly by the end of the year. (機器將持續維修至年底。)

“Have been” 過去式的被動語態

用法	過去完成式（被動語態）	過去完成進行式（被動語態）
公式	S + had been + V3 (past participle)	S + had been being + V3 (罕用)
用法	所有主詞一律搭配 had been (I, you, he, she, it, we, they…)	同理: 所有主詞一律搭配 had been being (語法上)
含義	強調某個動作已在過去某時間點前完成。	– 強調受動過程在另一個過去時間點或動作前持續進行。– 非常罕用，主要出現在學術性書面語。
例句	– The documents had been signed before the meeting started. (文件在會議開始前已簽署。) – Her house had been cleaned before she came home. (她的房子在她回來前已被清理乾淨。)	– The road had been being repaired for months before the flood came. (洪水來臨前，道路已修復多個月。) – The project had been being discussed long before it was approved. (該計劃在通過前已被長時間討論。)

Have been 搭配的助動詞

“Have been” 通常與助動詞如 would, could, should, must, may, might… 等搭配使用, 用來表示推測、可能性、義務或對過去的假設情境。以下是一些常見句型，包含其用法說明及例句。

句型	語意	公式	例句 + 翻譯
Would have been	表示若其他條件成立，某事本可以在過去發生	S + would have been + N/Adj	I would have been happier if you had come.(如果你來了，我本可以更開心。)
Could have been	表示在過去某事有可能發生，但實際上沒有	S + could have been + N/Adj	He could have been a star.(他本來可能成為一位明星。)
Should have been	表示某事本應該發生，但卻沒有發生	S + should have been + N/Adj	You should have been more polite.(你本應該更有禮貌。)
Must have been	表示對過去某事會發生的肯定推測	S + must have been + N/Adj	It must have been a mistake.(那肯定是一個錯誤。)
May have been	表示對過去發生事情的不確定推測	S + may have been + N/Adj	She may have been at school.(她可能在學校。)
Might have been	表示比“may have been”更不確定的可能性	S + might have been + N/Adj	They might have been late.(他們可能遲到了。)
There have been	表示某事物存在或狀況持續至今	There have been + N (số nhiều)	There have been many changes.(已經有很多變化了。)
To have been	在完成不定詞結構中，”to be” 的完成式形式。	to have been + N/Adj	He claims to have been a soldier.(他聲稱自己曾是士兵。)

區分 Have been 和 Have gone 用法差異

在英文, Have been 與 Have gone 的用法經常被混淆使用。

項目	Have been	Have gone
結構	S + have/has + been + to + 地點	S + have/has + gone + to + 地點
意思	曾經去過某地方且已回來	已經去某地方但尚未回來
使用情境	強調過去的經歷	強調正在進行中的行動
現在的狀態	主體已經從該地方返回	主體目前仍在該地方
例句	– I have been to Germany. (我曾去過德國，現在已經回來了。) – We have been to the new restaurant. (我們曾經去過那家新餐廳。)	– Anna has gone to the concert. (Anna 已經去音樂會了，還沒回來。) – Bella has gone to the bar. (Bella已經去酒吧了。)

Have been 用法練習題附答案

為了更清楚理解 Have been 的用法，請試做以下練習，並在文章結尾對照解答確認答案是否正確！

練習題

練習 1:  將括號中的動詞變化為正確時態

1. I ______ (study) English for two hours.
2. My manager ______ (work) on the project all morning.
3. My grandparents ______ (be) to Paris city before.
4. They ______ (live) in that house since they got married.
5. John ______ (practice) the piano diligently to prepare for the recital.

練習 2: 將下列句子改為被動語態

1. The sous chef has cooked a delicious meal.
2. They have built a new zoo in the town.
3. The gardener has been planting an arbor in the garden.
4. The firm has been developing a new product for months.
5. Anna has been teaching Dutch to the children all morning.

答案

練習 1:

練習題	1	2	3	4	5
答案	have been studying	has been working	have been	have been living	has been practicing

練習 2:

1. A delicious meal has been cooked by the sous chef.
2. A new zoo has been built in the town.
3. An arbor has been being planted in the garden by the gardener.
4. A new product has been being developed by the firm for months.
5. Dutch has been being taught to the children by Anna all morning.

常見問題

have been後面加什麼?

• 主動: 接形容詞或名詞  → She has been tired.
• 進行式: 接 V-ing → I have been working.
• 被動: 接 V3 (過去分詞) → The documents have been sent.

Have pp have been pp差别在哪兒?

結構	意思	例句
Have + P.P	主動: 某人已經做了某事	I have written a letter.(我已經寫了一封信。)
Have been + P.P	被動: 某事已經被做了	The letter has been written.(這封信已經被寫好了。)

當你掌握了句型結構並進行正確的練習後，have been 用法將會變得更加容易理解。希望 ELSA Speak 已幫助你區分 have pp have been pp 差别，以及如何與助動詞搭配使用。還有更多有關英語文法的實用內容等你來探索，立即開始深入了解吧！