關係代名詞 (Relative Pronouns): who、which、that 用法和區分

你是否曾在英語句子中遇到諸如 who、which、that 之類的詞時感到困惑？這就是關係代名詞——它是使句子更清晰、更連貫的重要組成部分。在本文中，ELSA Speak 將幫助你學習如何使用關係代名詞、常用規則、逗號的位置，以及如何區分限定和非限定子句。

英語關係代名詞的主要功能

關係代名詞(Relative pronouns)是句子中最常用的代名詞之一，位於名詞之後。它們取代前面的代名詞，連接主句和關係子句。在這種情況下，關係代名詞既充當關係代名詞，也充當連接詞。

• 將原句與關係子句連結起來。
• 修飾緊接而來的子句。
• 替換其前的人稱代名詞或名詞。

關係代名詞例句與簡解:

• The day when we first met was sunny and warm. (我們初次見面的那天，陽光明媚，溫暖宜人。)

→ When 在此充當關係代名詞。 When 給“first met”補語，是取代第一句中的第一次見面的時間副詞。

• The man who gives me a card is a teacher. (給我名片的那個男人是一位老師。)

→Who 在此充當關係代名詞。 Who 取代了第二句中的 the men，因此第二句中不再需要提及 那個男人。

>>了解更多詞性：所有關於八種英文詞性：用法、例子及在句子中的位置

關係代名詞 – Relative Pronoun用法

關於關係代名詞 用法，英語中有很多不同的關係代名詞。但我們只需要關注那些重要且常用的。下面我們來看看其中的一些並看看 Relative Pronoun例子更了解它的用法。

who 關係代名詞

Who 是英語中最常見指人的relative pronouns。它位於先行詞之後，用來修飾句子中當主詞的代名詞。

例子:

• The man who is sitting by the car is my father. (坐在車旁的男人是我的父親。)
• That is the boy who helped me to find my house. (那是幫助我找到家的男孩。)

whom 關係代名詞

 與 who 類似，whom 也是指人的關係代名詞。不過，它代替作賓語的人稱代名詞。 Whom 後面跟的是動詞。

例子:

• The woman whom you saw yesterday is my girlfriend. (你昨天見到的那個女人是我女朋友。)
• The man whom we are looking for is John. (我們正在尋找的人是約翰。)

whose 關係代名詞

Whose 也是指人的關係代名詞。它在句子中用來代替所有格代名詞。 whose 後面是名詞。

例子:

• The man whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is my uncle. (昨天借給你自行車的那個人是我的叔叔。)
• Jisoo found a cat whose leg was broken. (JJisoo 發現了一只貓，它的腿斷了。)

which 關係代名詞

這是最常見指事物的關係代名詞。在句子中，它通常是後面動詞的主詞或賓語。

例子: This is the book which I like best. (這是我最喜歡的書。)

Note: 如果 which 在句子中充當賓語，我們可以省略它。

例子: The dress (which) she bought yesterday is very beautiful. (她昨天買的裙子非常漂亮。)

that 關係代名詞

關係代名詞 that 是既可以代替人，也可以代替事物唯一代名詞，。它也可以代替各種關係代名詞，例如 who、whom、which、whose。不過，that 僅用於限定子句。

例子:

• My mother is the person that I love most. (我的母親是我最愛的人。)
• I can see the boy and his dog that are running in the park. (我可以看到那個男孩和他的狗在公園裡奔跑。)

哪些類型的關係子句包含關係代名詞？

限定關係子句 (Restrictive Relative Clause)

限定關係子句 (Restrictive Relative Clause) 用來修飾前面的名詞，是句子的重要組成部分，如果省略主句，意思就會不明確。

例子:

• The girl who is wearing the blue dress is my sister. (穿藍色裙子的女孩是我的妹妹。)
• The book which I borrowed from you is very interesting. (我從你那裡借的那本書很有趣。)

非限定關係子句 (Non-restrictive Relative Clause)

非限定關係子句(Non-restrictive Relative Clause)用來修飾其前的名詞，是一種補充說明。即使刪除，主句的意思仍然相同。

非限定關係子句通常用逗號與主句分隔。前面的名詞通常是專有名詞，或名詞前面通常有以下單字：this、that、these、those、my、his、her…

注意: 不要在非限定子句中使用 that。

例子:

• My father, who is 50 years old, is a doctor. (我的父親今年50歲，是一名醫生。)
• This girl, whom you met yesterday, is my daughter. 你昨天見到的這個女孩是我的女兒。)

連續關係子句

連續關係子句用來解釋整個句子。在這種情況下，只使用which關係代名詞，並用逗號分隔兩個子句。該子句通常位於句子末尾。

例子:

• He admires Mr Brown, which surprises me. (他很欽佩布朗先生，這讓我很驚訝。)
• Mary tore Tom’s letter, which made him sad. (瑪麗撕毀了湯姆的信，這讓他很難過。)

關係代名詞什麼時候可以省略？

當關係代名詞是賓語時

當關係代名詞在句子中充當受詞時，我們可以省略它們。

例子: 

The professor, (whom) I respect, recently received an award. (我尊敬的那位教授最近獲得了一個獎項。) 

→ 我們可以省略代名詞 whom。因為在句子中， whom 取代了教授，成為了句子的受詞。所以我們可以省略它。

關係代名詞作主詞時，後面接動詞to be + 片語（介詞/形容詞/分詞）

省略關係代名詞 形容詞子句會有什麽變化？如果關係代名詞是主語，後面緊跟著動詞 to be，然後是形容詞片語、介詞片語或現在分詞，則可以省略代名詞和 to be。

例子: 

The man who is interested in my car will telephone later. (對我的車有興趣的人稍後會打來電話。)

→ 代名詞 who 是主語，後面跟著形容詞片語，所以可以省略 who is。

關係代名詞不能省略的情況

在非限定子句中，不能省略代名詞。

例子: Zihan, who is working with me, is doing the marathon this year. (和我一起合作的子涵今年要參加馬拉松。)

>>更多内容：被動語態是什麽？探索公式、結構和註釋以及應用練習，以避免混淆

英語關係代名詞使用時的幾點注意事項

• 在包含關係代名詞的句子中，如果關係代名詞前面有人名或專有名詞，則可以使用逗號。
• 使用關係代名詞 “that“ 時，請勿使用逗號。
• 當關係代名詞所取代的名詞是指事物不定代名詞，或由兩個或多個包含人名和事物的名詞組成時，必須使用 that 關係代名詞。

區分關係副詞 關係代名詞

	關係代名詞	關係副詞
定義	替代名詞（人、事物）	與表示時間、地點、原因的短語連接
功能	當主語或者賓語	沒有主詞/賓語，只有語意關係
常用詞	who, whom, whose, which, that	when, where, why
適用於	人、事物、所有格	時間、地點、原因
例子	– The boy who helped me is kind. – The book that I read was interesting.	– I remember the day when we met. – That’s the house where I was born.

>>閲讀更多：

• 冠詞 a、an、the 是什麼？初學者如何輕鬆地掌握冠詞用法？
• 連接詞（Conjunction）: 意思、例句與在寫作與溝通中的用法
• 不定代名詞 (Indefinite pronouns): 用法和題庫
• 使役動詞 (Causative Verb): 定義、用法、結構和避免用錯的應用練

關係代名詞練習及答案

練習

練習一: 選出最佳答案完成下面的句子。

1. They need a teacher __________ native language is English.
   A. who
   B. whose
   C. whom
   D. that
   
2. His brother bought all the books __________ are needed for the next exam.
   A. that
   B. what
   C. those
   D. who
   
3. The children, __________ parents are famous professors, are taught well.
   A. that
   B. whom
   C. whose
   D. their
   
4. Do you know the man __________ we met at the party last night?
   A. which
   B. whose
   C. who
   D. whom
   
5. The exercises which they are doing __________ very easy.
   A. is
   B. has been
   C. are
   D. was
   
6. The woman _______ next to him kept talking during the film, _______ really annoyed him.
   A. having sat/that
   B. sitting/which
   C. to sit/what
   D. sitting/who
   
7. Was Neil Armstrong the first person ________ foot on the moon?
   A. set
   B. setting
   C. to set
   D. who was set
   
8. This is the city in ________ my family and I have lived for over 20 years.
   A. which
   B. that
   C. whom
   D. where
   
9. My mother, ________ everyone admires, is a famous actor.
   A. where
   B. whom
   C. which
   D. whose
   
10. The new building __________ is in front of my house fell down.
    A. of which
    B. which
    C. whose
    D. whom

練習二: 在下面的句子中填入適當的代名詞。

1. I talked to the boy _______ car had broken down in front of the school.

2. Jane, _______ is a taxi driver, lives on the corner.

3. I live in a house in Taipei, _______ is in Taiwan.

4. This is the girl _______ comes from Taiwan.

5. That’s John, the boy _______ has just arrived at the airport.

6. Thank you very much for his e-mail, _______ was very interesting.

7. The woman, _______ mother is a professor, forgot her umbrella.

8. The children _______ shouted in the street are not from our school.

9. The car, _______ driver is an old man, is from Ireland.

10. What did you do with the money _______ your father lent you?

練習三: 用關係代名詞重寫句子

1. She worked for a woman. The woman used to be an athlete.

_______________________________________________________________

2. We called a lawyer. The lawyer lived nearby.

_______________________________________________________________

3. She sent an email to her brother. Her brother lives in Taiwan.

_______________________________________________________________

4. They liked the waitress. The waitress was very friendly.

_______________________________________________________________

5. I broke the computer. The computer belonged to my mother.

_______________________________________________________________

6. She dropped a glass. The glass was new.

_______________________________________________________________

7. I love books. The books have happy endings.

_______________________________________________________________

8. They live in a small city. The city is in the north of Taiwan.

_______________________________________________________________

9. The woman is in the yard. The man is wearing a blue jumper.

_______________________________________________________________

10. My mother works in a bank. My mother is from Taiwan.

_______________________________________________________________

答案

練習一

句子	1	2	3	4	5
答案	B	A	C	D	C
句子	6	7	8	9	10
答案	B	C	A	B	B

練習 2

句子	1	2	3	4	5
答案	whose	who	which	who	who
句子	6	7	8	9	10
答案	which	whose	who	whose	which

練習 3

1. She worked for a woman who/that used to be an athlete.

2. We called a lawyer who/that lived nearby.

3. She sent an email to her brother who/that lives in Taiwan.

4. They liked the waitress who/that was very friendly.

5. I broke the computer which/that belonged to my mother.

6. She dropped a glass which/that was new.

7. I love books which/that have happy endings.

8. They live in a small city which/that is in the north of Taiwan.

9. The woman who/that is wearing a blue jumper is in the yard.

10. My mother, who/that is from Taiwan, works in a bank.

常見問題

where 關係代名詞還是關係副詞？

→ where 為關係副詞。

如果你掌握如何使用關係代名詞，並經常練習例句、練習題以及區分關係代名詞的具體技巧，例如使用 who、which、that 或簡化關係子句，那麼關係代名詞就不再是問題了。在 ELSA Speak 上學習更多與英語文法主題相關的文章吧！